iOS9地图定位(LBS)

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地图定位(Location Based Service)相关的Framework：CoreLocation.framework, MapKit.framework

定位功能实现

准备工作

  1. 首先在当前控制器导入： #import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>
  2. 在iOS8之后要在info.plist加入请求授权key值之后才可以定位：NSLocationWhenInUseUsageDescription,NSLocationAlwaysUsageDescription

简单的一次性定位功能实现

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- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    
    //创建定位管理对象
    CLLocationManager *manager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
    self.manager = manager;
    
    manager.delegate = self;
    
    //请求授权
    [manager requestAlwaysAuthorization]; //请求始终授权，并且在后台的时候继续授权定位
    
    //开始定位
    [manager startUpdatingLocation];
}

 #pragma mark - locationManagerDelegate

- (void)locationManager:(CLLocationManager *)manager didUpdateLocations:(NSArray<CLLocation *> *)locations{
    
    //获取经纬度
    CLLocationCoordinate2D coordinate = locations.firstObject.coordinate;
    
    NSLog(@"经度：%f 纬度：%f",coordinate.longitude, coordinate.latitude);
    
    // 如果只获取位置一次，则停止定位
    [manager stopUpdatingLocation];
}

定位其它功能详解

  1. 刚开始定位的时候，代码方法有可能不会调用即没有定位，可以通过选择模拟器的菜单栏：debug - Location - 随便换着切换几个试试，最后选择 Custom-Location
  2. [manager requestAlwaysAuthorization]; 请求永久授权，app不管在前台还是后天都可以获取用户位置
  3. [manager requestWhenInUseAuthorization]; 请求授权，app只能在前台执行的时候可以获取用户位置。注意：如果你要测试此句代码，并且和上句代码属于同一项目当中；那么你必须要卸载掉你的app，重新授权使用
  4. manager.distanceFilter = 100; 距离筛选器，当距离超过规定值后调用代理方法，单位：米。注意：在使用这句代码的时候，更新位置的代理方法不能有[manager stopUpdatingLocation];否则会不起作用。在模拟器当中可以修改Custom Location当中的经纬度来测试效果
  5. manager.desiredAccuracy = kCLLocationAccuracyBestForNavigation; 期望精度，在进行GPS导航的时候，用最好的精度值 kCLLocationAccuracyBestForNavigation
  6. 用 requestWhenInUseAuthorization app在后台获取不了用户的位置的时候，通过开启一个Bool属性来在后台临时获取用户的位置信息 manager.allowsBackgroundLocationUpdates = true; 。注意：此属性在 ios9 后可用, 没有添加key值会报错：reason: 'Invalid parameter not satisfying: !stayUp || CLClientIsBackgroundable(internal->fClient)' ，为了防止报错需要添加key值，如下所示
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标准用法：

    if([UIDevice currentDevice].systemVersion.floatValue >= 9.0) {
        
        manager.allowsBackgroundLocationUpdates = true;
    }
    
添加的key值为：  
    数组key值：Required background modes
    数组中item值 ：App registers for location updates

示意图：

地理编码和反地理编码

  1. 地理编码：将地名转换成经纬度
  2. 反地理编码：将经纬度转换成地名

地理编码代码

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if (self.placeName.text.length == 0) return;
 
 //创建地理编码对象
 CLGeocoder *coder = [[CLGeocoder alloc] init];
 
 //地理编码
 [coder geocodeAddressString:self.placeName.text completionHandler:^(NSArray<CLPlacemark *> * _Nullable placemarks, NSError * _Nullable error) {
     
     if (error) {
         NSLog(@"%@",error);
         return ;
     }
     
     for (CLPlacemark *pm in placemarks) {
         
         NSLog(@"%@",pm.name);
     }
     
 }];

反地理编码代码

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if (self.longtitudeTxf.text.length == 0 || self.latitudeTxf.text.length == 0) return;

CLGeocoder *geoCoder = [[CLGeocoder alloc] init];

//反地理编码
CLLocation *location = [[CLLocation alloc] initWithLatitude:self.latitudeTxf.text.floatValue longitude:self.longtitudeTxf.text.floatValue];
[geoCoder reverseGeocodeLocation:location completionHandler:^(NSArray<CLPlacemark *> * _Nullable placemarks, NSError * _Nullable error) {
    
    if (error) {
        NSLog(@"%@",error);
        return ;
    }
    
    for (CLPlacemark *pm in placemarks) {
        
        NSLog(@"%@",pm.name);
    }
}];

MKMapView基本使用

MKMapView控件是苹果官方提供的地图控件，是通过国内的高德地图来实现的

准备

  1. 必须要添加 MapKit.framework 框架
  2. 在使用到 MKMapView的地方导入头文件#import <MapKit/MapKit.h>，该头文件包含#import <CoreLocation/CoreLocation.h>

基本定位功能实现

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- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];

    //设置地图的类型
    /*
     MKMapTypeStandard = 0, 标准样式
     MKMapTypeSatellite,    卫星视图, 纯卫星视图，不包含地名标注
     MKMapTypeHybrid,       鸟瞰图（混合）
     */
    self.mapView.mapType = MKMapTypeStandard;
    
    //开启实时交通 ios9
    self.mapView.showsTraffic = true;
    
    //设置定位
    self.manager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
    //定位授权，需要设置key值
    [self.manager requestAlwaysAuthorization];
    
    self.mapView.delegate = self;
    //用户跟踪模式
    self.mapView.userTrackingMode = MKUserTrackingModeFollow;

    
}

 #pragma mark - mapView delegate

- (void)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView didUpdateUserLocation:(MKUserLocation *)userLocation{
    
    //设置默认值
    userLocation.title = @"title";
    userLocation.subtitle = @"subTitle";
    
    //反地理编码
    CLGeocoder *geoCoder = [[CLGeocoder alloc] init];
    [geoCoder reverseGeocodeLocation:userLocation.location completionHandler:^(NSArray<CLPlacemark *> * _Nullable placemarks, NSError * _Nullable error) {
       
        if (error) {
            
            NSLog(@"%@",error);
            return ;
        }
        
        userLocation.title = placemarks.firstObject.locality;
        userLocation.subtitle = placemarks.firstObject.name;
        
    }];
}

 #pragma mark - method

/// 显示用户当前的位置
- (IBAction)backUserLocation {
    
    //经纬度跨度
    MKCoordinateSpan span = MKCoordinateSpanMake(0.2, 0.2);
    
    //设置当前显示的区域，直接赋值没有动画
    [self.mapView setRegion:MKCoordinateRegionMake(self.mapView.userLocation.location.coordinate, span) animated:true];
}

///  缩放地图
- (IBAction)scaleMap:(UIButton *)sender {
    
    //获取原先的经纬度的跨度
    CGFloat latitudeDelta = self.mapView.region.span.latitudeDelta;
    CGFloat longitudeDelta = self.mapView.region.span.longitudeDelta;
    
    if (sender.tag == 10) { //放大
        
        latitudeDelta = latitudeDelta * 0.5;
        longitudeDelta = longitudeDelta * 0.5;
        
    }else { //缩小
        
        latitudeDelta = latitudeDelta * 2;
        longitudeDelta = longitudeDelta * 2;
    }
    
    [self.mapView setRegion:MKCoordinateRegionMake(self.mapView.userLocation.coordinate, MKCoordinateSpanMake(latitudeDelta, longitudeDelta)) animated:true];
}

地图添加大头针

  • MKAnnotationView 注释视图，没有图片，可以自定义
  • MKPinAnnotationView 大头针注释视图，系统的大头针图片，自定义图片之后不会显示

添加大头针Demo

ViewController

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 #import "ViewController.h"
 #import "WSAnnotation.h"
 #import "WSAnnotationView.h"
 #import "WSImageAnnotationView.h"

@interface ViewController ()<MKMapViewDelegate>

@property (weak, nonatomic) IBOutlet MKMapView *mapView;

@property (strong, nonatomic) CLLocationManager *manager;

@end

@implementation ViewController

- (void)viewDidLoad {
    [super viewDidLoad];
    
    self.mapView.delegate = self;
    self.manager = [[CLLocationManager alloc] init];
    [self.manager requestAlwaysAuthorization];
    self.mapView.userTrackingMode = MKUserTrackingModeFollow;
    //默认添加一个大头针
    WSAnnotation *annotation = [[WSAnnotation alloc] init];
    annotation.coordinate = CLLocationCoordinate2DMake(40.5, 116.8);
    [self.mapView addAnnotation:annotation];
    
}

-(void)touchesBegan:(NSSet<UITouch *> *)touches withEvent:(UIEvent *)event{
    
    //根据当前所点的位置添加大头针
    WSAnnotation *annotation = [[WSAnnotation alloc] init];
    annotation.coordinate = [self.mapView convertPoint:[touches.anyObject locationInView:self.mapView] toCoordinateFromView:self.mapView];
    [self.mapView addAnnotation:annotation];
    
}

 #pragma mark - mapView delegate

- (MKAnnotationView *)mapView:(MKMapView *)mapView viewForAnnotation:(id<MKAnnotation>)annotation{
    
    WSImageAnnotationView *annotationView = [WSImageAnnotationView annotationViewWithMapView:mapView annotation:annotation];
    
    return  annotationView;
    
}

@end

WSAnnotation

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 #import <MapKit/MapKit.h>

@interface WSAnnotation : NSObject <MKAnnotation>

@property (nonatomic, assign) CLLocationCoordinate2D coordinate;
@property (nonatomic, copy, nullable) NSString *title;
@property (nonatomic, copy, nullable) NSString *subtitle;

@end


 #import "WSAnnotation.h"

@implementation WSAnnotation

- (void)setCoordinate:(CLLocationCoordinate2D)coordinate{
    
    _coordinate = coordinate;
    
    //设置默认值
    _title = @"default";
    _subtitle = @"default";
    
    //反地理编码
    CLGeocoder *geoCoder = [[CLGeocoder alloc] init];
    
    CLLocation *location = [[CLLocation alloc] initWithLatitude:coordinate.latitude longitude:coordinate.longitude];
    
    [geoCoder reverseGeocodeLocation:location completionHandler:^(NSArray<CLPlacemark *> * _Nullable placemarks, NSError * _Nullable error) {
       
        if (error) {
            
            NSLog(@"%@",error);
            return ;
        }
        
        CLPlacemark *pm = placemarks.firstObject;
        _title = pm.locality;
        _subtitle = pm.name;
        
    }];
}

@end

WSAnnotationView

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 #import <MapKit/MapKit.h>
 #import "WSAnnotation.h"

@interface WSAnnotationView : MKPinAnnotationView

+ (nullable instancetype)annotationViewWithMapView:(nonnull MKMapView *)mapView annotation:(nonnull WSAnnotation *)annotation;

@end


 #import "WSAnnotationView.h"

@implementation WSAnnotationView

+ (instancetype)annotationViewWithMapView:(MKMapView *)mapView annotation:(WSAnnotation *)annotation{
    
    //如果模型为 MKUserLocation，那么大头针是系统用户大头针则不要自定义，返回空，然后系统自己去处理
    if ([annotation isKindOfClass:NSClassFromString(@"MKUserLocation")]) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    static NSString *ID = @"WSAnnotationView";
    
    WSAnnotationView * annotationView = (WSAnnotationView *)[mapView dequeueReusableAnnotationViewWithIdentifier:ID];
    
    if (annotationView == nil) {
        
        annotationView = [[WSAnnotationView alloc] initWithAnnotation:annotation reuseIdentifier:ID];
        //设置大头针的颜色 iOS9
        annotationView.pinTintColor = [UIColor blueColor];
        
        //设置掉落效果
        annotationView.animatesDrop = true;
        
        //显示大头针的内容信息
        annotationView.canShowCallout = true;
        
        //设置左边的显示view
        annotationView.leftCalloutAccessoryView = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeContactAdd];
        //设置右边
        annotationView.rightCalloutAccessoryView = [[UISwitch alloc] init];
        //自定义设置图片
        annotationView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"me"];
    }
    
    return annotationView;
    
}
@end

WSImageAnnotationView

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 #import <MapKit/MapKit.h>
 #import "WSAnnotation.h"

@interface WSImageAnnotationView : MKAnnotationView

+ (nullable instancetype)annotationViewWithMapView:(nonnull MKMapView *)mapView annotation:(nonnull WSAnnotation *)annotation;

@end

 #import "WSImageAnnotationView.h"

@implementation WSImageAnnotationView

+ (instancetype)annotationViewWithMapView:(MKMapView *)mapView annotation:(WSAnnotation *)annotation{
    
    //如果模型为 MKUserLocation，那么大头针是系统用户大头针则不要自定义，返回空，然后系统自己去处理
    if ([annotation isKindOfClass:NSClassFromString(@"MKUserLocation")]) {
        return nil;
    }
    
    static NSString *ID = @"WSAnnotationView";
    
    WSImageAnnotationView * annotationView = (WSImageAnnotationView *)[mapView dequeueReusableAnnotationViewWithIdentifier:ID];
    
    if (annotationView == nil) {
        
        annotationView = [[WSImageAnnotationView alloc] initWithAnnotation:annotation reuseIdentifier:ID];
        
        //显示大头针的内容信息
        annotationView.canShowCallout = true;
        
        //设置左边的显示view
        annotationView.leftCalloutAccessoryView = [UIButton buttonWithType:UIButtonTypeContactAdd];
        //设置右边
        annotationView.rightCalloutAccessoryView = [[UISwitch alloc] init];
        //自定义设置图片
        annotationView.image = [UIImage imageNamed:@"me"];
    }
    
    return annotationView;
    
}